B1 English Test for UK Visas & ILR: 2025

The B1 English test is a Secure English Language Test (SELT) that assesses a person’s speaking and listening ability at B1 level on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR).

Under the UK immigration system, the B1 standard is a formal requirement for certain visa, settlement and citizenship applications, where applicants must demonstrate an intermediate level of English to continue living in the UK or to obtain permanent residence or nationality.

Applicants are generally required to meet the B1 English language level when applying for indefinite leave to remain (ILR), British citizenship through naturalisation or an extension of a spouse or partner visa under the five-year route at the Further Leave to Remain (FLR(M)) stage. The requirement is part of the wider ‘Knowledge of Language and Life in the UK’ condition for ILR and naturalisation. Some dependants, such as those of Innovator Founder visa holders, may also need to meet the B1 level at the settlement stage, depending on the route and application type.

While there has been some policy discussion about whether the B1 threshold should be raised for some routes, no confirmed changes to the CEFR level have been confirmed or implemented yet.

This guide sets out the current rules on B1 English language tests.

 

Section A: What is the B1 English Test?

 

The B1 English test is a standardised language assessment used in UK immigration and nationality applications to demonstrate a minimum level of English-speaking and listening proficiency. It is aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), a recognised international standard for categorising language ability. The B1 level represents an intermediate stage and reflects the ability to communicate effectively in familiar everyday situations.

While most initial visa applications only require A1 or A2 level English, certain visa extensions require a B1 test result.

At B1 level, an applicant is expected to understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar topics and to produce simple connected speech on subjects that are routine or personally relevant. This level is considered appropriate for applicants who are integrating into life in the UK, including working, living with family or applying for settlement or naturalisation.

The B1 English test used for UK immigration purposes assesses only speaking and listening. Reading and writing are not tested, as they are not part of the English language requirement for relevant immigration routes. The test is designed to evaluate whether an applicant can take part in straightforward conversations and respond appropriately in spoken English.

The structure of the test may vary slightly depending on the provider, but it typically consists of two parts. In the first part, the applicant is asked to take part in a short conversation with an examiner on everyday topics such as work, family or routine activities. The second part usually involves responding to spoken questions or completing a verbal task, such as describing a situation or giving basic opinions. The test normally lasts between 8 and 12 minutes and must be taken in person at an approved SELT test centre.

Only SELTs from Home Office‑approved providers are accepted for immigration purposes. For settlement and citizenship applications the test must be either the Trinity College London GESE Grade 5 or the IELTS Life Skills test (both assess only speaking and listening) and must be taken at a UK‑based SELT centre. LanguageCert, Pearson and PSI offer SELTs for some entry‑level visa routes, but their speaking‑and‑listening tests are not accepted for indefinite leave to remain or naturalisation. Booking must be made through the provider’s UKVI SELT booking system at an authorised UK test centre; tests taken overseas are not valid for ILR or naturalisation.

The B1 English test provides a reliable and standardised way for the Home Office to assess whether an individual meets the language requirement for relevant UK visa, settlement and citizenship routes. It plays a key role in demonstrating integration and eligibility at key stages of the immigration journey.

 

Section B: When Is the B1 Test Required?

 

The B1 English test is not required for all UK immigration applications. It applies in specific situations, usually when applicants are seeking to extend their stay on a long-term route, apply for settlement, or naturalise as a British citizen. The test is used to demonstrate that the applicant has reached an intermediate level of English-speaking and listening ability, as required under the Immigration Rules or the British Nationality Act 1981. The following categories outline when a B1 SELT is required as part of an application.

 

1. Visa Applications Requiring B1

 

Applicants extending their stay under the five-year spouse or partner route must meet the B1 English requirement at the Further Leave to Remain (FLR(M)) stage. This is a higher standard than the initial entry requirement, which is typically A1. The B1 test certificate must be submitted with the extension application unless the applicant qualifies for an exemption.

The Skilled Worker visa route requires English at B1 level from the outset. However, dependants are not subject to any English language requirement unless they later apply for a visa that requires it. For example, a dependant switching to a main route or applying for settlement in their own right may need to meet the B1 requirement, depending on the route and eligibility criteria.

Main applicants must already meet the B2 English requirement at the initial application and for settlement. Dependants currently do not need to meet an English language requirement until applying for settlement, when they must meet the same B1 standard that applies to other dependants of points‑based system migrants.

 

2. Settlement (ILR) Applications

 

Applicants seeking Indefinite Leave to Remain after five years on qualifying routes such as Skilled Worker, Global Talent or Innovator Founder must meet the B1 English language requirement, unless they are exempt. This forms part of the Knowledge of Language and Life in the UK (KoLL) requirement, which also includes passing the Life in the UK Test. The B1 test must be passed before submitting the ILR application.

Applicants applying for ILR based on family or private life, including partners under Appendix FM and parents of children in the UK, are also required to meet the B1 English requirement unless they fall within an exemption category. This applies equally at the settlement stage, regardless of the English requirement at initial entry.

 

3. British Citizenship

 

British citizenship applications made under the standard naturalisation routes include the B1 test as part of the ‘Knowledge of Language and Life in the UK’ (KoLL) requirement.

Applicants for British citizenship must meet the English language requirement at B1 level under both section 6(1) (general naturalisation) and section 6(2) (naturalisation as the spouse or civil partner of a British citizen). The applicant must also pass the Life in the UK Test. These two components form the KoLL requirement for naturalisation.

The B1 requirement applies unless an exemption applies due to age, disability or nationality. Even applicants with permanent residence or indefinite leave to remain must still meet the B1 requirement unless it has already been accepted in a prior application or they qualify for a recognised exemption.

 

4. Summary

 

In summary, the B1 English test is required at key transition points in the immigration process, particularly where applicants are moving from temporary to permanent status or applying for citizenship. It most commonly applies to family route extensions, ILR applications and naturalisation. Applicants must ensure they book the correct test with an approved provider and confirm that B1 is the applicable level for their specific application.

 

Section C: Exemptions from the B1 English Requirement

 

Not all applicants are required to meet the B1 English language requirement when applying for UK visas, settlement or citizenship. The Home Office recognises that in certain circumstances, it may be unreasonable or unnecessary to impose this requirement. A number of exemptions are available, depending on the applicant’s age, health, nationality or academic qualifications. These exemptions must be supported by the appropriate evidence, and applicants should ensure they meet the criteria before assuming that a B1 test is not required.

 

1. Age and Physical or Mental Condition

 

Applicants aged 65 or over on the date of application are automatically exempt from the English language requirement, including the B1 test. No medical or additional exemption request is needed—proof of date of birth is sufficient. This exemption applies to both indefinite leave to remain (ILR) and British citizenship applications.

Applicants with a long-term physical or mental condition that prevents them from taking the B1 English test or Life in the UK Test may be exempt. To request this exemption, they must submit Form MED1 completed by a registered medical practitioner. The practitioner must confirm that the condition is long-term or permanent and that it prevents the applicant from meeting the requirement. The Home Office will assess each case individually.

 

2. Previous Qualifications and Study

 

Individuals who hold a UK degree at bachelor’s level or above are exempt from the English language requirement. The qualification must have been awarded by a UK-based institution and must be an officially recognised academic award. The degree certificate must be submitted with the application.

Applicants with a degree-level qualification from outside the UK that was taught or researched in English may also qualify for an exemption. They must obtain a Statement of Comparability and confirmation of English-medium instruction from UK ENIC (operated by ECCTIS) to prove that the qualification meets the required standard. Both documents are required to rely on this exemption.

 

3. Nationality-Based Exemptions

 

Nationals of countries deemed to be majority English-speaking are exempt from the B1 requirement. The current list includes countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and several Caribbean nations. To rely on this exemption, applicants must hold a passport issued by one of the listed countries and submit it as part of their application. The list of qualifying countries is maintained by the Home Office and may be updated periodically.

 

4. Summary

 

In conclusion, the B1 English requirement does not apply in all cases. Recognised exemptions are available based on age, health, academic qualifications or nationality. When relying on an exemption, applicants must provide the required evidence in the correct format. Failure to do so may result in the application being rejected, even where the applicant would otherwise meet all other eligibility requirements.

 

Section D: Booking and Taking the English Test

 

For UK immigration purposes, the English language test must be taken with an approved Secure English Language Test (SELT) provider, and only at a test centre authorised by the Home Office.

Taking a test with a non-approved provider, or at a centre not authorised for SELT purposes, will result in the certificate being rejected. It is therefore important for applicants to select the correct provider and follow the booking instructions carefully to ensure their test result is valid for visa, settlement or citizenship applications.

 

1. List of Approved SELT Providers

 

For ILR and citizenship, the only approved SELT providers are Trinity College London and the IELTS SELT Consortium, and tests must be taken in the UK. LanguageCert, Pearson and PSI Services (UK) Ltd operate SELT centres outside the UK for visa routes that allow overseas testing (for example A1 or A2 for entry or extensions), but they do not deliver the B1‑level Life Skills test required for settlement or naturalisation.

 

2. Documents Needed for Registration and Test Day

 

To book the test, applicants must provide a valid identity document—typically a current passport or biometric residence permit. The details entered during the booking must exactly match the ID presented on test day. Any errors or mismatches can lead to refusal of entry or invalidation of the result.

On the day of the test, the original ID used at the time of booking must be brought to the test centre. Photocopies, expired documents or alternative forms of ID will not be accepted. Applicants may also need to show their confirmation email or booking reference when checking in at the centre. Late arrival or missing documents will usually result in exclusion from the test and loss of the booking fee.

 

3. Test Fees, Format and Result Times

 

The B1 SELT typically costs between £150 and £170, depending on the provider. Fees must be paid at the time of booking. Each provider sets its own refund and rescheduling policy, usually requiring several days’ notice for changes. Rescheduling due to illness may be allowed if supported by medical evidence.

The test itself is short and focused. Both the IELTS Life Skills and Trinity GESE Grade 5 assess speaking and listening only, with no reading or writing component. The test usually lasts between 8 and 12 minutes and is conducted face to face. The conversation covers everyday topics such as work, family or daily routines, and may include a short discussion or response task.

Test results are generally issued quickly. Trinity College London usually provides results within 7 days, while IELTS Life Skills results are typically available within 7 to 10 days. Results are issued as certificates or statements, and some providers may offer online result verification tools that can be used by applicants and advisers.

To avoid delays or rejection, applicants must book the correct B1 SELT with an approved provider at a valid UK test centre. They must bring the required ID and arrive on time. Understanding the test format and result timelines will help applicants prepare properly and ensure they meet the language requirement for their immigration application.

 

Section E: Preparing for the Test

 

Proper preparation is important for anyone taking the B1 English test for UK immigration purposes. While the test is not designed to be academically difficult, it does assess whether the applicant can communicate clearly in spoken English and understand spoken responses in a practical, real-world context. Familiarity with the test format, focused practice, and regular exposure to English are all useful ways to build confidence and improve the chances of passing.

 

1. Improving Speaking and Listening Skills

 

Everyday practice is one of the most effective ways to improve English speaking and listening. Applicants are encouraged to have regular conversations in English, either with friends, colleagues or tutors. Listening to English radio programmes, podcasts or TV shows can also help build listening comprehension. Repeating phrases, mimicking pronunciation, and asking and answering questions out loud are good techniques for developing fluency.

It can be helpful to focus on topics that are likely to come up in the test, such as work, daily activities, family life and hobbies. Speaking aloud and practising with another person allows applicants to build confidence in giving opinions, asking questions and responding naturally—skills that are directly assessed in the test.

 

2. Practice Resources and Courses

 

A number of free and paid resources are available to help applicants prepare for the B1 SELT. Both Trinity College London and IELTS SELT Consortium offer sample questions and test preparation materials on their websites. These include example speaking tasks, audio samples and examiner guidance. Some test centres also offer preparation courses either online or in person.

In addition, many English language learning platforms, such as BBC Learning English, British Council LearnEnglish and ESOL courses, provide structured lessons and speaking exercises suitable for B1 learners. Local colleges or adult education centres may also offer short preparation courses aimed specifically at SELT candidates.

 

3. Understanding the Test Format

 

Knowing how the test is structured makes a significant difference on the day. Both Trinity and IELTS tests assess speaking and listening only, but each provider has a slightly different approach. For example, Trinity’s GESE Grade 5 includes a topic discussion prepared in advance, while IELTS Life Skills focuses more on spontaneous dialogue and short tasks between the candidate and examiner.

Applicants should study the format of the specific test they are booking. Most providers offer a breakdown of each test section, including the types of questions asked and how the test is marked. Practising under timed conditions using this structure can help reduce test-day anxiety and allow applicants to concentrate on communication rather than trying to work out what to expect.

 

4. Summary

 

Preparing for the B1 test means more than just improving language skills—it also involves becoming familiar with the format and building confidence through repeated practice. Using official resources, practising real-life conversations and knowing what happens during the test will all help increase the chances of passing successfully.

 

Section F: After the English Test

 

Once the B1 English test has been completed, the next steps will depend on the result. If the applicant passes, they will receive confirmation from the test provider, and the certificate can be used to support their immigration or citizenship application. If the test is not passed, the applicant will need to prepare for a retake. Knowing how to handle the outcome and what steps to take next is important to avoid unnecessary delays in progressing with an application.

 

1. Sending Results to UKVI and Certificate Validity

 

When the test is taken through a Home Office-approved SELT provider, the result is automatically verified by the UKVI as long as it is submitted correctly with the application. Applicants do not need to request that the provider sends the result to the Home Office separately. Instead, the responsibility lies with the applicant to include the correct test reference number in their application form, along with a copy of the certificate or notification letter.

B1 Life Skills certificates used for settlement or naturalisation do not expire; they can be reused for future settlement or naturalisation applications provided the test and provider remain on the approved Home Office list. By contrast, SELT certificates used for initial visa applications normally expire after two years, so applicants should check the current guidance for their route. However, the certificate must be from an approved test taken at a registered SELT centre, and the test must still be listed on the current list of accepted exams at the time of the new application.

 

2. What to Do if You Fail

 

If the applicant does not pass the B1 test, they will need to book a new test. There is no limit on how many times the test can be taken, but each attempt must be paid for separately. When rescheduling, applicants should allow time to revise their approach and address any weaknesses identified during their previous attempt.

Additional preparation may involve focused language practice, tutoring, or joining a short course to improve fluency and confidence. Reviewing sample tasks, practising with a speaking partner or listening to model conversations can help improve performance. Some test providers offer feedback or practice materials that can be used to identify areas needing improvement.

It is important not to submit an immigration application until a valid pass certificate is available. Submitting without the required B1 evidence may lead to an invalid application or refusal. Applicants facing a deadline should factor in the time needed for retesting and result turnaround when making their plans.

 

3. Summary

 

After the test, applicants must ensure they include the correct documentation and test reference with their application. Certificates remain valid as long as the provider and test type are still approved. For those who do not pass, the next step is to review, prepare and retake the test. Careful planning will help avoid disruption to application timelines.

 

Section G: Future Changes and Reforms

 

The government’s Immigration White Paper, May 2025, proposed a broad tightening of English language requirements across work, family and settlement routes.

 

1. Proposed Changes to English Language Requirement

 

While no implementation dates have been confirmed, and some measures remain subject to formal consultation, the key proposals include the following:

 

a. Raising the language threshold for work routes

The government has announced its intention to increase the required English level from B1 (intermediate) to B2 (upper-intermediate) for work visas where a language requirement already applies. This would affect future applicants under routes such as the Skilled Worker and Global Business Mobility visas.

The white paper does not confirm whether higher language thresholds will apply only to new applicants or also to existing visa holders when they extend their visas or apply for settlement. Law‑firm commentaries advise that transitional arrangements may be introduced, but applicants should be prepared for the possibility that the higher B2 standard could apply to extensions and settlement applications once the reforms take effect.

 

b. Introducing a language requirement for dependants

Under the proposals, adult dependants of workers and students would need to meet a basic English requirement at the point of entry (A1), progress to A2 at visa extension, and achieve B2 when applying for settlement. This marks a significant departure from the current rules, where most adult dependants are not subject to English language testing.

 

c. Increasing the settlement language requirement

The English language threshold for indefinite leave to remain is also expected to rise from B1 to B2 for most routes. This would apply to principal applicants as well as to any dependants who are required to meet the KoLL (Knowledge of Language and Life in the UK) condition.

 

d. Expanding language requirements across family routes

The reforms would apply stricter language rules to a wider range of family and dependant routes, including family reunion and partners joining skilled workers. In addition to language testing, the proposals include new financial and integration conditions for those sponsoring or applying under the family rules.

 

e. Support for progressive learning

The government has committed to working with education and community bodies to provide more accessible English language training. This includes plans to expand the availability of English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) classes and online resources to help migrants meet the higher standards over time.

 

2. Who Will Be Affected?

 

The proposed changes will primarily affect:

 

a. Principal applicants under work routes: Individuals applying for visas under the Skilled Worker, Global Business Mobility and similar categories will be required to meet B2 level English rather than the current B1.

b. Adult dependants of workers and students: Dependants who were previously exempt from language testing will need to meet a phased English requirement—A1 for entry, A2 for visa extension and B2 for settlement.

c. Settlement applicants: Most individuals applying for indefinite leave to remain under employment, family or other qualifying routes will be expected to meet B2 speaking and listening standards under the proposed changes.

d. Family route applicants: Although details remain limited, adult applicants applying to join or remain with a partner in the UK will likely face stricter English language entry and progression requirements, along with changes to financial thresholds and integration expectations.

 

3. Timing and Transitional Arrangements

 

The government has not yet confirmed specific commencement dates for these reforms. Many of the proposals are expected to be subject to consultation later in 2025, with legislative changes to follow. Until new rules are formally introduced, applications will continue to be assessed under current requirements, including B1 English for ILR and naturalisation.

Transitional arrangements are expected for certain groups. For example, Skilled Worker visa holders who qualified under the RQF Level 3 skill threshold before July 2025 may continue to extend under the previous rules. A separate transition period is in place until 2028 for eligible care workers sponsored under the Health and Care route to continue extending their visas or change employment following the planned closure of that route.

 

4. Potential Impact

 

If implemented, the increase from B1 to B2 will require applicants to demonstrate a higher level of fluency in speaking and listening. B2 is a more demanding threshold, often requiring more intensive preparation, additional study time and potentially higher costs for lessons and testing. This may present challenges for applicants whose first language is not English or who have limited access to language training resources.

Employers that rely on recruiting overseas workers may need to adjust their hiring and onboarding processes. This could include offering internal language support, reassessing the feasibility of sponsoring roles, and budgeting for the added costs associated with employee preparation. Families may also face additional burdens, as adult dependants will need to pass language tests at multiple stages of the immigration process.

While the reforms may result in higher barriers for some applicants, they are framed by the government as a means of supporting integration and ensuring migrants can access public services and participate more fully in UK life.

 

5. Transition Planning and Advice for Applicants

 

As the proposals are not yet in force, applicants are advised to apply under the current rules where possible. Those approaching eligibility for ILR or citizenship may wish to submit applications before the B2 requirement is introduced. Similarly, sponsors and employers may want to bring forward applications for skilled roles that currently qualify under the existing salary and language thresholds.

Once implemented, transitional provisions may protect existing visa holders, but new applicants will be expected to meet the revised standards. Anyone planning an application in the next 12 to 24 months should monitor Home Office announcements closely and consider early preparation for higher-level English testing where applicable.

 

Section H: Summary

 

The B1 English test is a mandatory requirement for many applicants seeking to extend their stay, apply for indefinite leave to remain or naturalise as British citizens. The test assesses an applicant’s speaking and listening ability at an intermediate level, and must be taken through a Home Office-approved SELT provider and centre.

While exemptions are available in limited circumstances, most adult applicants will need to demonstrate they meet the B1 standard unless they already hold a recognised qualification or come from a majority English-speaking country.

As immigration policy continues to evolve, including potential reforms to language thresholds and test systems, applicants should ensure they are relying on up-to-date guidance and using the correct version of the test. Where possible, applications should be planned in advance, allowing sufficient time for booking, preparation and compliance with Home Office requirements.

 

 

Section I: FAQs

 

How long is the B1 English test valid for?

The B1 test certificate does not have a formal expiry date if it was issued by a Home Office-approved provider and test centre. If the certificate was accepted in a previous successful application, it can usually be re-used for future applications, such as ILR or British citizenship, as long as the test and provider are still approved at the time of the new application.

 

Can I take the test again if I fail?

There is no limit on the number of times you can take the B1 test. If you fail, you may rebook the test as soon as you feel ready. You will need to pay the full test fee again for each attempt. It’s recommended to take additional practice or preparation before resitting to increase your chances of passing.

 

Do I need to send the certificate to UKVI?

The Home Office does not require the test provider to send the certificate directly. You must enter the SELT reference number correctly on your application form and upload a copy of the certificate or result letter. UKVI will verify the result using its secure systems.

 

Can I use the same certificate for ILR and citizenship?

If your B1 test certificate was accepted in a previous application and still meets the current requirements, you can re-use it. For example, if it was accepted for ILR, the same certificate can be submitted for naturalisation, provided the provider and test remain on the approved list.

 

What does the B1 test involve?

The B1 SELT for immigration purposes assesses only speaking and listening. It usually lasts 8 to 12 minutes and involves a face-to-face conversation with an examiner. You will be asked questions on familiar topics and may be required to express opinions, answer questions or complete simple verbal tasks.

 

Where can I take the B1 English test?

You must take the test at an approved Secure English Language Test (SELT) centre in the UK. Booking must be made through their official SELT websites, and not through general academic or English language test platforms.

 

Is the B1 test difficult?

The test is designed to assess intermediate speaking and listening skills. If you are comfortable holding basic conversations about everyday topics, and can understand and respond to simple questions, you are likely to meet the required level with adequate preparation.

 

Section J: Glossary

 

Term	Definition
B1 English Test	A Secure English Language Test (SELT) at B1 level of the CEFR assessing speaking and listening skills for UK visa, ILR and citizenship applications.
CEFR	The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, used to define language proficiency levels from A1 (beginner) to C2 (advanced).
SELT	Secure English Language Test approved by the Home Office for immigration and nationality applications in the UK.
ILR	Indefinite Leave to Remain – a form of permanent residence granted under UK immigration rules.
KoLL	Knowledge of Language and Life in the UK – a requirement for ILR and naturalisation, consisting of a B1 English test and the Life in the UK Test.
FLR(M)	Further Leave to Remain (Marriage) – an extension application for partners under the five-year family route.
IELTS SELT Consortium	An approved SELT provider offering the IELTS Life Skills test for UKVI purposes at B1 level.
Trinity College London	An approved SELT provider offering the GESE Grade 5 test at B1 level for UK immigration and nationality applications.
UK ENIC / ECCTIS	The national agency that evaluates international qualifications and confirms if they were taught in English, used for English language exemptions.
MED1	The official Home Office form used to request exemption from English language or Life in the UK requirements due to a medical condition.

 

 

Section K: Additional Resources and Links

 

Resource	Description	Link
GOV.UK: SELT Guidance	Official UK government guidance on Secure English Language Tests for visa and settlement applications.	https://www.gov.uk/guidance/prove-your-english-language-abilities-with-a-secure-english-language-test-selt
IELTS Life Skills (UKVI)	Book a B1 English SELT test with the IELTS SELT Consortium, approved by UKVI.	https://www.ieltsukvisas.britishcouncil.org
Trinity College London SELT	Book a B1 GESE Grade 5 English test with Trinity, approved by the UK Home Office.	https://www.trinityselt.co.uk
LanguageCert UKVI SELT	Book a UKVI-approved B1 SELT with LanguageCert at a Home Office-authorised centre.	https://www.languagecert.org/en/uk-visa-exams
Pearson PTE Home (UKVI)	Book a Home Office-approved PTE Home B1 English test with Pearson.	https://www.pearsonpte.com/uk-visa-home-office-approved-english-test
UK ENIC (ECCTIS)	Obtain a Statement of Comparability and English language confirmation for international qualifications.	https://www.enic.org.uk
Life in the UK Test	Book the Life in the UK Test, required alongside the B1 English test for ILR and naturalisation.	https://www.lituktestbooking.co.uk
GOV.UK: Knowledge of Language and Life	Home Office information on KoLL requirements for ILR and British citizenship.	https://www.gov.uk/english-language