FLR Visa: Further Leave to Remain Guide

Applying for Further Leave to Remain (FLR) can quickly become a demanding process. In order to secure permission to stay in the UK beyond your current period of leave, the FLR visa application requires you to prove your eligibility to remain to an increasingly risk-averse Home Office.

This guide breaks down the FLR process and requirements so you can approach your application with confidence.

 

Section A: What is an FLR Visa?

 

An FLR (Further Leave to Remain) visa refers to the immigration permission granted by the UK Home Office that allows individuals already residing legally in the UK to extend their stay.

Put simply, FLR allows you to remain in the UK beyond the expiry of your current visa. It is typically granted for a fixed period, such as 30 months, and in most cases applies to individuals on family, private life or certain work routes. Applicants must usually continue to meet specific requirements, including financial thresholds, accommodation and English language criteria.

FLR keeps you on a time-limited path and often leads toward ILR if conditions are consistently met over time.

 

1. Types of FLR

 

There are different categories of FLR visa, each tailored to particular circumstances.

FLR(M), for example, is specifically for spouses, civil partners or unmarried partners of British citizens or individuals settled in the UK, while FLR(FP) is designed to accommodate those who apply based on their family life or established private life in the UK, often on grounds linked to human rights where removal or refusal would be considered unjust or disproportionate.

Each FLR visa category carries specific requirements, processes and supporting documents. Applicants therefore need to select the appropriate route for their circumstances.

 

2. FLR or ILR?

 

It is important to distinguish FLR from ILR (Indefinite Leave to Remain).

The FLR visa enables those who have an existing right to remain temporarily in the UK, such as spouses, unmarried partners, dependants or others with qualifying private and family life ties, to apply for additional time to stay in the country, but it does not confer an indefinite status.

ILR, on the other hand, is effectively permanent residence. It allows you to live and work in the UK without any time restrictions or further visa renewals. Once granted ILR, you are no longer subject to immigration control, and you may eventually become eligible to apply for British citizenship.

 

Section B: Who Needs an FLR Visa?

 

If your current visa is approaching its expiry and you wish to remain in the UK without transitioning to permanent residency, you would usually need to apply for FLR. The eligibility for FLR varies depending on your existing visa category and personal circumstances.

 

1. Family Members of British Citizens or Settled Persons

 

Individuals who are spouses, civil partners or unmarried partners of British citizens or those with settled status in the UK often require an FLR(M) visa to continue their residence. This is typically granted for 30 months and is a step towards ILR after completing a qualifying period.

 

2. Parents of British or Settled Children

 

Parents who have responsibility for a child who is a British citizen or has settled status may apply for FLR(FP) so as to keep the family unit together in the UK. The application must demonstrate the parent’s role in the child’s life and the potential impact on the child if the parent were required to leave the UK.

 

3. Individuals with Established Private Life in the UK

 

Applicants who have developed a significant private life in the UK, such as those who have lived in the country for an extended period, may be eligible for FLR(FP). For instance, individuals aged between 18 and 24 who have spent at least half their life in the UK, or those who have resided in the UK continuously for 20 years, can apply under this category.

 

4. Humanitarian Protection

 

Individuals who face serious risks upon returning to their country of origin, including threats to life or freedom, may seek FLR under the Human Rights Outside the Rules (FLR(HRO)) category. This route is designed to ensure that the UK upholds its obligations under international human rights laws by offering protection to those in genuine need.

 

5. Other Specific Categories

 

There are additional FLR categories catering to various situations:

 

a. FLR(IR): For individuals extending their stay for reasons not covered by other FLR categories, such as domestic workers, UK ancestry visa holders, or those with discretionary leave.

 

b. FLR(DL): For those who have been granted discretionary leave, often after an unsuccessful asylum application, but who cannot return to their home country due to compelling circumstances.

 

Each FLR category has specific eligibility criteria and application requirements; as such, applicants will need to assess their individual circumstances carefully to determine the appropriate FLR category for their situation.

 

Section C: FLR Visa Eligibility Requirements

 

The FLR requirements vary according to the specific FLR category, notably FLR(M) for spouses or partners and FLR(FP) relating to family and private life.

 

1. Financial Requirements

 

Applicants for FLR(M) have to show that they meet a minimum income requirement. The amount depends on when the applicant first applied for their partner visa.

Applicants who do not meet the income requirement through earnings may be able to rely on cash savings. The savings threshold depends on the shortfall in income and must be held for at least 6 months prior to application.

Different financial rules also apply if your partner receives certain disability-related or carer’s benefits. In these cases, you may be exempt from the minimum income threshold but must show you can adequately maintain and accommodate yourselves without access to public funds.

 

a. If You First Applied Before 11 April 2024

If your initial partner visa (including fiancé(e) or proposed civil partner visas) was granted before 11 April 2024 and you are now applying to extend your stay (e.g. moving from a 2.5-year visa to another 2.5-year period), the following thresholds still apply:

 

Situation	Minimum Annual Income Required – Initial Application Pre-11 April 2024
Partner with no children	£18,600
1 dependent child	£22,400
Each additional child	£2,400 per child

 

Children who are British or Irish citizens, settled in the UK, or with pre-settled status are excluded from this calculation.

 

b. If You First Applied On or After 11 April 2024

 

If your first application as a partner was made on or after 11 April 2024, you are subject to a new financial requirement. In this case, you and your partner must demonstrate a combined annual income of at least £29,000, regardless of whether you have children.

The same threshold applies for subsequent extensions and for applying for indefinite leave to remain under this route.

 

2. Accommodation and Relationship Proof

 

Applicants must show adequate accommodation in the UK, meaning a dwelling that meets housing standards and is not overcrowded. Acceptable evidence may include tenancy agreements, mortgage statements or property deeds.

Applicants also need to provide documentation proving their genuine and subsisting relationship with their partner or spouse. Common forms of evidence include marriage or civil partnership certificates, photographs, correspondence, joint financial responsibilities and statements from family and friends supporting the authenticity of the relationship.

 

3. English Language Proficiency

 

The Home Office mandates English language proficiency for FLR(M) applicants, typically at the A2 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Proof of this proficiency is demonstrated by passing an approved English language test at an accredited test centre, unless exempted by specific circumstances such as holding citizenship from a recognised majority English-speaking country or a relevant educational qualification taught in English.

 

4. Suitability and Immigration History Checks

 

FLR applicants are assessed for criminal convictions, civil judgments or previous breaches of immigration laws, such as overstaying, illegal entry or deception. Any adverse findings in these areas can lead to an application being refused on suitability grounds.

National security considerations are also assessed through background checks and cooperation with international security databases.

 

Section D: Types of FLR Visa Applications

 

FLR visas encompass various categories, each catering to specific applicant circumstances. The two primary categories, FLR(M) and FLR(FP), cover the majority of cases, addressing different personal situations and immigration contexts.

 

1. FLR(M) – Spouse or Partner Visa

 

The FLR(M) visa category specifically serves spouses, civil partners, or unmarried partners of British citizens or individuals with settled status in the UK. It allows applicants to continue residing in the UK based on their relationship, typically granting leave for 30 months, renewable until the applicant becomes eligible for indefinite leave to remain.

Applicants must demonstrate the authenticity and ongoing nature of their relationship, supported by substantial evidence such as marriage certificates, joint financial commitments, correspondence proving cohabitation and testimonials from family and friends. You will also need to meet financial and English language criteria, and provide evidence of adequate housing.

 

2. FLR(FP) – Family and Private Life Visa

 

The FLR(FP) category addresses situations related to family life or established private life in the UK, generally grounded in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. FLR(FP) is applicable where the applicant’s circumstances fall outside the standard immigration rules but warrant compassionate consideration due to compelling family or personal ties in the UK.

Applicants who qualify for FLR(FP) might include parents with responsibilities toward British or settled children, individuals who have lived continuously in the UK for 20 years or young adults who have spent at least half their lives here. The application involves presenting comprehensive evidence highlighting how refusal would disproportionately impact their established private or family life. Evidence can include children’s school records, medical reports, detailed witness statements or documentation reflecting long-term integration into UK society.

 

3. Other Specific FLR Categories

 

Aside from FLR(M) and FLR(FP), there are additional FLR categories covering less common circumstances:

 

a. FLR(IR) – Immigration Rules

This category is for applicants who seek extensions based on their existing visa categories not directly linked to family or private life, such as domestic workers or individuals on a UK Ancestry visa. Applications under FLR(IR) require evidence confirming the continuation of their original immigration conditions and eligibility criteria.

 

b. FLR(DL) – Discretionary Leave

Applicants granted discretionary leave due to exceptional or compassionate circumstances, including unsuccessful asylum seekers who cannot safely return home, must use the FLR(DL) route. Supporting documentation must demonstrate continuing humanitarian or compassionate reasons preventing return to their country of origin.

 

Section E: How to Apply for a UK FLR Visa

 

Applicants first need to complete the appropriate FLR visa form, accessible online via the UK government’s official immigration portal. Each FLR category (FLR(M), FLR(FP), FLR(IR), or FLR(DL)) has its own specific form with tailored questions relevant to the applicant’s circumstances.

You will also need to compile an extensive bundle of documents to support the information provided in the application form, such as financial evidence (bank statements and payslips), proof of suitable accommodation like tenancy agreements, evidence supporting relationships for FLR(M) applicants and documentation demonstrating private or family life for FLR(FP) applicants.

All FLR applicants are required to pay the application fee and, in most cases, the Immigration Health Surcharge, granting access to NHS services throughout the visa period. Payments are typically processed online during the application submission stage. Applicants must retain proof of these payments, as evidence may be required at subsequent stages of the application.

After submitting your application and paying the required fees, you will need to confirm your identity and provide biometric information. This is usually done by booking an appointment at a UK Visa and Citizenship Application Services (UKVCAS) centre, where your fingerprints and photograph are collected. You may also be asked to upload or present supporting documents during this appointment.

However, some applicants may be eligible to use the ‘UK Immigration: ID Check’ app as an alternative to attending a UKVCAS appointment. The app allows you to verify your identity remotely by scanning your biometric passport and taking a photograph of yourself. If you are eligible to use the app, you will be informed during the application process. Eligibility typically includes applicants who are EU, EEA or Swiss citizens with a biometric passport, or those with a BRP applying for certain visa routes.

Processing timeframes vary by factors such as visa category, complexity of individual circumstances and overall application volume. Typically, applicants can expect decisions within approximately eight weeks, though processing may extend beyond this, especially in cases requiring further scrutiny or additional checks.

Applicants can usually track their application’s progress online through the Home Office’s portal. Once a decision is made, the applicant will receive notification either digitally or via post, detailing the outcome, conditions of the visa and the next steps required.

 

Section F: FLR Visa Documents Checklist

 

Certain documents will need to be submitted to accompany the FLR application, regardless of the specific category. These include valid passports or other acceptable travel identification for the applicant and any dependants included in the application. Applicants must also provide biometric residence permits (BRPs) if previously issued, along with evidence confirming payment of the IHS and application fee. Proof of identity and status is fundamental and must be current and clearly legible.

 

Document Type	Examples
Identification	Passport
Financial Evidence	Payslips, Bank statements, Employer letters
Accommodation	Tenancy agreement, Mortgage statement
Relationship Proof	Marriage certificate, Photos, Correspondence, Joint bills
English Language	English test certificate (A1 or A2 level)

 

Financial documents will need to confirm the relevant threshold is met, such as six months of payslips, corresponding bank statements, employment letters specifying job roles, income details and duration of employment, or proof of substantial savings held for a specified minimum period.

Applicants must provide clear evidence of suitable accommodation in the UK. Documents typically required are tenancy agreements, property ownership documents, or mortgage statements. Accommodation must be legally occupied, adequately sized, and free from overcrowding, ensuring it meets the Home Office’s minimum standards. Property inspection reports from local authorities or certified surveyors may also strengthen the application if accommodation suitability is uncertain.

Those applying as spouses or partners under FLR(M) must also submit robust evidence demonstrating their genuine and ongoing relationship. Documents typically include marriage or civil partnership certificates, joint bank account statements, shared utility bills, evidence of cohabitation such as lease agreements naming both partners and personal correspondence reflecting the continuity of the relationship. Photographs and statements from family and friends confirming relationship authenticity provide valuable supplementary evidence.

Applicants under FLR(FP), focusing on family and private life grounds, will need to supply substantial evidence detailing their personal circumstances in the UK. Documents typically involve birth certificates of children, school records demonstrating the integration of dependants into the local community, medical reports highlighting any relevant health or welfare issues, and letters from community groups or educational institutions verifying ongoing involvement and integration.

Evidence of English language proficiency at the required level (usually CEFR A2 for FLR(M) applicants) is also mandatory. Applicants must submit a certificate confirming successful completion of an approved English language test from an accredited provider. Alternatively, evidence of nationality from a recognised majority English-speaking country or qualification certificates confirming education conducted in English are accepted.

In some cases, additional documents supporting claims made in the application may be necessary. These could include legal documents regarding previous immigration status, letters clarifying employment or financial discrepancies, or professional references providing context to complex personal situations.

 

Section G: FLR Visa Fees and Processing Times (2025)

 

 

1. FLR Visa Application Fees

 

FLR application fees depend on the specific category under which the applicant is applying. As of May 2025, the fee for an FLR(M) spouse or partner visa application submitted within the UK is £1,321. Applications made under the FLR(FP) family or private life route carry the same fee. Payment is typically made online during the application submission and covers administrative costs associated with processing and reviewing the application. Fees are non-refundable, even if the application is refused or withdrawn.

 

Application Type	Applying from Inside the UK
Joining your partner, parent, or child	£1,321
Each dependant added to your application	£1,321 per person

 

In addition to application fees, applicants must pay the Immigration Health Surcharge, which allows access to NHS services for the duration of their visa. Currently, the IHS is set at £1,035 per year per adult applicant, payable upfront for the full length of the requested visa period. For example, a 30-month FLR(M) visa applicant would typically pay a total IHS fee of approximately £2,587.50. Applications cannot proceed with their application without confirmation of IHS payment.

For applicants seeking faster processing times, the Home Office offers optional priority services at an additional cost. The Priority service, priced at approximately £500 extra, aims to provide a decision within five working days from the biometric appointment. The Super Priority service, costing around £800 extra, typically provides a decision by the end of the next working day after biometric data submission. Availability for these services can fluctuate, and their selection does not guarantee a positive outcome, merely an expedited decision.

 

2. Typical Processing Times

 

Standard processing times for FLR applications vary, generally averaging around eight weeks from the date of biometric submission. However, timescales can differ considerably due to factors such as application complexity, document verification, suitability checks and overall demand on the Home Office system. Applicants should anticipate potential delays during periods of high application volume or if additional information or interviews are required by immigration officials.

Several factors can impact how long an FLR application takes to process. Applications with straightforward documentation, clear evidence, and no history of immigration issues tend to be processed swiftly. Conversely, applications involving unclear financial situations, incomplete or inconsistent documentation, or a problematic immigration history often experience delays, as further investigations or checks become necessary.

 

3. Tracking Application Progress

 

Applicants can typically track the status of their applications online through the Home Office’s official portal. It is advisable to regularly check the application’s status online to deal with any requests for additional information, which should be dealt with promptly.

 

Section H: Common Reasons for FLR Visa Refusal

 

Despite careful preparation, FLR applications can be refused for various reasons.

 

1. Incomplete or Inaccurate Documentation

 

One of the primary reasons for FLR visa refusals is the submission of incomplete or inaccurate documentation. The Home Office expects applicants to provide comprehensive evidence supporting their application. Missing documents, inconsistencies or discrepancies between the information provided and the supporting evidence can lead to doubts about the application’s validity. For instance, discrepancies in financial documents or inconsistencies in personal information can raise concerns.

 

2. Financial Requirements Not Met

 

Applicants under certain FLR categories, such as FLR(M), must meet specific financial thresholds to demonstrate their ability to support themselves without recourse to public funds. Failure to meet these financial requirements, or inadequate evidence of income and financial stability, can result in refusal. You will need to provide verifiable financial documents, such as bank statements and payslips, covering the required period.

 

3. Breach of Immigration Laws

 

A history of breaching UK immigration laws can adversely affect an FLR application. This includes previous instances of overstaying, working without permission or other breaches of visa conditions. The Home Office considers such breaches seriously, and they can lead to an application being refused on suitability grounds.

 

4. Criminal Convictions

 

Criminal convictions, both in the UK and abroad, can lead to the refusal of an FLR application. The Home Office assesses the nature and seriousness of any offences, the length of the sentence and the time elapsed since the conviction. Certain convictions may result in mandatory refusal, while others may be considered on a discretionary basis.

 

5. False Representations or Withholding Information

 

Submitting false information or failing to disclose relevant facts can lead to an application being refused under the grounds of deception. The Home Office conducts thorough checks, and any attempt to mislead or omit information is treated seriously.

 

6. Failure to Demonstrate Genuine Relationship

 

For applicants applying under FLR(M), demonstrating a genuine and subsisting relationship with a partner who is a British citizen or settled person is fundamental. Insufficient evidence of cohabitation, shared responsibilities or ongoing communication can lead to doubts about the authenticity of the relationship. Providing comprehensive evidence, such as joint financial commitments, correspondence, and photographs can help substantiate the relationship’s genuineness.

 

7. Inadequate Accommodation

 

Applicants must show that they have adequate accommodation in the UK without recourse to public funds. Failure to provide evidence of suitable living arrangements, such as tenancy agreements or property ownership documents, can result in refusal. The accommodation must meet the UK’s housing standards and not be overcrowded.

 

8. Health and Character Concerns

 

The Home Office may refuse an application if there are concerns about the applicant’s health, particularly if they pose a public health risk, or if there are character concerns not covered by criminal convictions. This includes involvement in activities deemed not conducive to the public good. Applicants should be prepared to provide medical reports or other relevant documentation if health issues are pertinent to their application.

 

Section I: What to Do if Your FLR Visa is Refused

 

Receiving a refusal for an FLR visa application can be highly distressing. However, there may be steps and procedures available to challenge or address a negative outcome.

First, carefully review the reasons outlined in the decision letter from the Home Office. The refusal letter typically provides detailed explanations regarding the specific grounds on which the application was rejected, such as insufficient evidence, financial shortfalls, doubts about relationship authenticity or suitability concerns. This will help inform the appropriate next steps.

Applicants whose FLR visas are refused can consider requesting an administrative review, provided their refusal notice explicitly states this option is available. An administrative review involves asking the Home Office to reconsider the application on the basis of potential errors made during the original assessment. It is important to note that administrative reviews focus strictly on procedural mistakes or incorrect interpretation of submitted documents, rather than new evidence or changed circumstances.

To initiate an administrative review, applicants must submit a request within 14 calendar days from receiving the refusal if they are in the UK. A clear and concise explanation of the suspected error must be provided, referencing specific points from the refusal letter and the original application.

In certain circumstances, particularly with FLR(FP) visa applications based on family or private life, refusal decisions might trigger a statutory right of appeal. Appeals generally arise when the refusal decision potentially breaches human rights, especially Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, concerning the right to family and private life.

The appeal process is conducted through the First-tier Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber), which independently assesses the Home Office’s decision. Appellants must lodge their appeal within the prescribed period, typically 14 calendar days from the refusal date if appealing from within the UK. Legal representation or expert immigration advice is strongly recommended due to the legal intricacies and evidentiary requirements involved in tribunal hearings.

The most common option following an FLR visa refusal is submitting a fresh application, particularly if the grounds for refusal relate to insufficient documentation or minor technical issues easily rectified. In this scenario, applicants must ensure they thoroughly address the issues outlined in the original refusal by providing additional evidence, clarifying previous ambiguities or correcting errors. Fresh applications will need to comply with current immigration rules and requirements, and will incur new application fees and IHS charges.

 

 

Section J: Need assistance?

 

For specialist advice on an application for UK further leave to remain, speak to our immigration experts.

 

Section K: FLR Visa FAQs

 

What does FLR stand for in UK immigration?


FLR stands for “Further Leave to Remain,” which allows individuals already in the UK to extend their existing immigration permission.

 

How long does an FLR visa typically last?


An FLR visa typically grants leave for around 30 months, after which applicants may apply for an extension or consider routes towards indefinite leave to remain.

 

Can I work in the UK on an FLR visa?


Holders of an FLR visa usually have the right to work in the UK without restrictions unless explicitly stated otherwise by the Home Office.

 

Is there a financial requirement for FLR applications?


Certain categories, such as FLR(M), require applicants to meet specific financial thresholds to demonstrate they can support themselves without public funds.

 

What happens if my FLR visa application is refused?


If your application is refused, you may have options such as applying for an administrative review, lodging an appeal on human rights grounds, or submitting a fresh application addressing the reasons for refusal.

 

Do I need to pass an English language test for an FLR visa?


Applicants, especially under the FLR(M) category, typically need to pass an approved English language test at the relevant level, unless exempt.

 

How can I speed up the processing of my FLR visa application?


You can use optional Priority or Super Priority services offered by the Home Office, which significantly shorten processing times for an additional fee.

 

Can my dependants apply with me for an FLR visa?


Eligible dependants such as spouses, unmarried partners, and children can usually apply simultaneously as part of your FLR application.

 

What documents should I submit with my FLR visa application?


Supporting documents typically include proof of identity, financial evidence, proof of relationship (for FLR(M)), accommodation details, and evidence of English language proficiency.

 

Do I have to pay the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS) for an FLR visa?


The IHS payment is mandatory for most FLR applicants, granting access to NHS services throughout your visa duration

 

Section L: Glossary

 

 

Term	Definition
Further Leave to Remain (FLR)	A visa category allowing individuals already in the UK to extend their current stay under specific conditions.
FLR(M)	A visa for spouses, civil partners, or unmarried partners of British citizens or settled persons to extend their stay.
FLR(FP)	A visa category focused on family and private life in the UK, typically involving human rights considerations.
Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS)	A mandatory fee paid by visa applicants providing access to NHS healthcare services during their stay.
Administrative Review	A process allowing applicants to request a reconsideration of their visa application due to perceived errors in the initial assessment.
Priority and Super Priority Services	Optional paid services offered by the Home Office to expedite visa application processing times.
Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR)	Permanent residence status allowing individuals to live in the UK without immigration restrictions.
Suitability Check	An assessment by the Home Office covering criminality, immigration history, and potential security risks of visa applicants.
First-tier Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber)	A judicial body responsible for hearing appeals against immigration decisions, including FLR visa refusals.

 

 

Section M: Additional Resources

 

UK Government – Further Leave to Remain Guidance
https://www.gov.uk/visas-immigration
Official guidance and resources from the UK government on visas, immigration, and Further Leave to Remain applications.

Home Office Immigration Rules
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/immigration-rules
Comprehensive details of the UK immigration rules, regularly updated by the Home Office.